Oncology, haematology
Oncology is area of medicine specializing in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer. Dogs and cats can also develop various types of tumours, just like humans. The specialization of a Veterinary Oncologist is to determine the type of neoplasia (cancer), assess its stage, and develop a treatment plan to ensure the well-being of your pet.
When to apply to Veterinary Oncologist?
You have to contact a Veterinary Oncologist if you notice the following symptoms
• Swellings or formations: any new or growing formations or swellings on the body.
• Weight loss: unexplained weight loss, especially if the pet eats normally.
• Loss of appetite: long-term loss of appetite or complete refusal of food.
• Unusual bleeding: bleeding from nose, mouth, urinary tract, stool, or other parts of the body.
• Non-healing wounds: any wounds or ulcers that do not heal for a long time.
• Behavioural changes: sudden change in behaviour, for instance, lethargy, apathy, or increased irritability.
• Difficulty breathing, urinating, or defecating: any breathing, urination, or defecation problems.
• Pain: long-term pain or discomfort, especially in certain areas of the body.
Most common examinations and tests in oncology
1. Physical examination:
• thorough examination of the entire body to identify swellings, formations, or other changes that may indicate a tumour.
2. Blood tests:
• complete blood count and biochemical tests can assess the general health of a pet and identify possible cancer markers.
3. Biopsy:
• A biopsy is a procedure during which a sample of a tumour or suspicious tissue is taken and sent to a laboratory to determine whether it is malignant (cancerous).
4. Image examinations:
• Radiograph: used to examine the chest, abdomen, or bones to detect tumours or metastases.
• Ultrasound: used to examine internal organs and soft tissues to detect tumours or other abnormalities.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): high-resolution images used to examine the brain, spine, and other areas of the body.
• Computed tomography (CT): used for more accurate examination of internal organs and bone structures.
5. Cytology and histopathology:
• cytological examination evaluates the cells taken from the tumour, while histopathological examination is performed on a tissue sample to accurately determine the type of tumour.
6. Specialized molecular examinations:
• in some cases, specialized genetic or molecular examinations may be performed to identify specific cancer types or mechanisms of resistance to therapy.
Course of oncological consultations
1. Initial consultation: a Veterinary Oncologist will listen to your observations, perform a physical examination of your pet, and review previously performed tests.
2. Diagnostic plan: if cancer is suspected, the doctor will suggest the necessary tests to confirm or rule out the diagnosis.
3. Diagnosis: the doctor will make an accurate diagnosis and assess the stage of the cancer based on the results.
4. Treatment plan: an individual treatment plan is developed that may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other forms of treatment.
5. Monitoring and follow-up: regular check-ups to assess the effectiveness of treatment and monitor the pet’s condition.
Cancer treatment options
• Surgery: usually the first treatment option when the tumour can be removed surgically. It may be the only treatment required or combined with other therapies.
• Chemotherapy: medications used to destroy cancer cells or slow their growth. This can be used in conjunction with surgery or alone.
• Radiation therapy: uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells or reduce the size of a tumour.
• Immunotherapy: a newer treatment method stimulating a pet’s immune system to fight cancer.
• Palliative care: when treatment is not possible or ineffective, palliative care helps improve quality of life, reduce pain and discomfort.
Conclusion
Cancer can be a serious and life-changing diagnosis for both the pet and its owner-family, but with advanced diagnostic and treatment options, many forms of cancer can be effectively treated or managed. If you notice any of the above symptoms or have any concerns about your pet's health, contact a Veterinary Oncologist for a consultation immediately. Early diagnosis and treatment can make a big difference in your pet’s life.
Register for consultation by phone +3701288788
Head of Department, Veterinarian Brigita Bandzevičiūtė